مدیریت اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی

مدیریت اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی

تنوع ژنتیکی و ساختار جمعیتی افعی جعفری (SCHNEIDER, 1801) Echis carinatus در ایران بر اساس ژن‌های میتوکندریایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه محیط زیست، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
4 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه South Bohemia، جمهوری چک.
5 استاد، گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی، منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/emj.2026.2098200.1197
چکیده
افعی جعفری (Echis carinatus) یکی از مهم‌ترین مارهای زهرآگین از نظر پزشکی در ایران و بخش وسیعی از آسیای جنوب‌غربی است. با وجود اهمیت بالینی و حفاظتی این گونه، ساختار و تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌های آن در ایران تاکنون به‌طور جامع بررسی نشده است. در این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی جمعیت‌های این گونه در ایران با استفاده از چهار ژن میتوکندریایی cyt b، ND4، 16S و 12S مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. تعداد 28 نمونه از 18 نقطه مختلف در شرق، شمال‌شرق، مرکز، جنوب و جنوب‌غرب ایران و نیز جزایر خلیج فارس جمع‌آوری و توالی‌یابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که ژن cyt b بالاترین سطح تنوع هاپلوتیپی (Hd= 0.931) و تعداد هاپلوتیپ (15) را داراست. آزمون‌های خنثی بودن (به‌ویژه Fu’s Fs= -4.989 و تحلیل توزیع Mismatch) شواهد روشنی از انبساط جمعیتی اخیر در جمعیت‌های مورد مطالعه ارائه کردند. نتایج آنالیز شبکه‌های هاپلوتیپی ساختار جغرافیایی قوی را نشان ندادند، هرچند جدایی نسبی هاپلوتیپ‌های مناطق جنوب‌غربی و شرقی در برخی ژن‌ها قابل تشخیص بود. این الگو با همگنی نسبی گزارش‌شده در جمعیت‌های شمالی و غربی گروه E. carinatus (زیرگونه E. c. sochureki) و نظریه گسترش اخیر این گونه از جنوب آسیا به سوی غرب و شمال سازگار است. یافته‌های حاضر علاوه ‌بر روشن ساختن بخشی از تاریخچه جمعیت شناختی گونه در ایران، بر ضرورت تلفیق داده‌های ژنتیکی با مطالعات زهرشناسی برای انتخاب جمعیت‌های نماینده در تولید آنتی‌ونوم و تعریف واحدهای حفاظتی تأکید دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Genetic diversity and population structure of the Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus [Schneider, 1801]) in Iran based on mitochondrial genes

نویسندگان English

Reza Farrokhizadeh 1
Mohammad Kaboli 2
Jalil Imani Harsini 3
Jan Stefka 4
Lobat Taghavi 5
1 PhD Student, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Environment, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic.
5 Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is one of the most medically important venomous snakes in Iran and across much of southwestern Asia. Despite the clinical and conservation importance of this species, the genetic structure and diversity of its populations in Iran have not yet been comprehensively investigated. In this study, the genetic diversity of populations of this species in Iran was examined using four mitochondrial genes: cyt b, ND4, 16S, and 12S. A total of 28 samples were collected and sequenced from 18 localities across eastern, northeastern, central, southern, and southwestern Iran, as well as the Persian Gulf islands. The results showed that the cyt b gene exhibited the highest haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.931) and the highest number of haplotypes (15). Neutrality tests - particularly Fu’s Fs (−4.989) and mismatch distribution analysis - provided clear evidence of recent population expansion among the populations studied. The results of haplotype network analysesdid not reveal a strong geographic structure, although the relativeseparation of haplotypes from southwestern and eastern regions was detectable for some genes. This pattern is consistent with the reported relative homogeneityamong northern and western populations of the E. carinatus group, (the subspecies E. c. sochureki), as well as with the hypothesis of the recent expansion of this species from South Asia westward and northward. The present findings not onlyshed light on part of the demographic history of this species in Iran but also highlight the need to integrate genetic data with toxicological studies to select representative populations for antivenom production and define conservation units.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Echis carinatus
haplotype diversity
population expansion
mitochondrial genes
antivenom
Iran
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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 09 مهر 1405

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 مرداد 1405
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 شهریور 1405
  • تاریخ پذیرش 16 شهریور 1405