Today, one of the most important challenges to achieving sustainable development at global, regional, and local scales is the over-extraction and improper use of groundwater resources in agriculture. an issue that threatens the environmental, social, and economic aspects of rural livelihoods.The present study, focusing on the Jiroft Plain, examines groundwater extraction balancing policies and evaluates their economic and social consequences, aiming to provide locally adapted strategies to reduce exploitation and enhance benefits for rural communities. The research is descriptive–analytical in nature and employs both quantitative and qualitative methods from data collection through data analysis. Data collection tools included document and library studies, field observations, and questionnaires. The Raw data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the studyconsisted of farmers using 1,939 deep agricultural wells located within the Jiroft Plain. The sample included 320 users from 90 selected wells, including family farmers, shared-ownership users, large landowners, as well as agricultural experts and graduates working in the area. Findings indicate that, based on the Mann–Whitney test results, incentive laws and policies have more significant socio-economic effects in achieving a relative balance in groundwater resources in rural areas of the Jiroft Plain compared to other interventions. These results are based on users’ subjective opinions and do not include any economic or social interpretations, such as impacts on farmers’ income. Moreover, based on the analyses, practical recommendations—including water storage, optimized on-farm transfer and distribution, and evaporation reduction—can help balance groundwater resources, reduce vulnerability, and enhance the sustainability of agricultural activities in the region.